STUDY TOUR REPORT ON
FLORA AND FAUNA OF LAL SUHANRA
STUDY REPORT ON LAL SUHANRA
FAUNA AND FLORA
Biodiversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is typically a measure of variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level. Terrestrial biodiversity is usually greater near the equator, which is the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth, and is richest in the tropics.
Lal Suhanra National Park (LSNP) with its 65790.36 hectares surface area is situated between 29° 12’ and 29° 28′ northern latitudes and 71° 48′ and 72° 08′ eastern longitudes, with an altitude ranging from 125 to 140 meters, on southeastern part of the Punjab Province, 32 kilometers away from the Bahawalpur city towards East at the main Bahawalpur-Bahawalnagar highway. Because of high diversity of wildlife, microhabitats and landscapes, the area was designated as Protected Area in 1972.
LSNP is of immense value due to forest plantation, wildlife enclosures, picnic spots and fishing in the pond area. The variability of habitat plays an important role in preserving biodiversity of the area. Natural vegetation inside the plantation is of weedy nature while the desert area supports the vegetation of xeric and semi-xeric type. Lake area has the aquatic or semi-aquatic vegetation that is of submerged, floating or marshy area The park was established to protect existing wildlife and vegetation; reintroduce extirpated species; rehabilitate wildlife habitat; create education/research facilities for local and foreign tourists, and recreational facilities for the local population .
It was the morning of October 20, 2019, all the students reached the bus stop at about 7o’ clock. After little time the bus started to move towards the destination. All the students were very happy and very excited about the tour and they singed songs and took selfies.
When we reached at Qaimpur ,the bus stopped for the breakfast , at dhabba in desi style, which was very tasty . It was very enjoying time for every students.After the bus moved to our final destination.
After an hour we reached at Lal suhanra at near about 10 o’ clock. we were guided not only by our respected teachers but also Dr. Maqbool Ahmad is there to help us in studying Lal suhanra flora and fauna.
Purpose:-
The main aim of our study tour of Lal suhanra are explained below:-
• To study the natural creature of Allah
• To study fauna of that area and their habitat
• To get knowledge about the native and exotic species of our local area
• To study flora in their natural habitat
• To study biodiversity
• To study climatic condition
• To study soil texture
• To enhance our Knowledge
• Recreation purposes
The major fauna of that area is which we study there is following:-
1. BLACK BUCK:-The black buck (Antilope cervicapra ) also known as Indian antelope, is an antelope found in India, Nepal, and Pakistan.
Black buck became virtually extinct in the cholistan desert
but the species has been re-introduced in Lal Suhanra withinlarge enclosures. Black buck feed on grains, salt, and green
fodder.
2. CHINKARA DEER :-
The chinkara (Gazella bennetti), also known as the Indian gazelle, is a gazelle species native to Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. Chinkara deer became virtually extinct in cholistan desert but the species has been introduced in Lal Suhanra. Chinkara deer feeds mainly on twigs, leaves, flowers, and fruits of small trees, bushes, grasses and herbs etc.
3. SPOTTED DEER:-
The chital or cheetal, also known as spotted deer, chital deer, and axis deer, is a species of deer that is native in the India and Sirilanka . Spotted deer feed on grains and green fodder. Its males are with branched horns.
4. NILGAI ANTELOPE:-
The nilgai or blue bull is the largest Asian antelope and is endemic to the indian subcontinent, and feed on grass.
5. DESERT CAT:-
Felis margarita is the only cat living chiefly in true desert.It is solitary cat native to desert in Africa and Asia. Superbly adapted to life in desert they can live without water run on shifting sand and detect prey underground.
6. INDIAN HOG DEER:-
The indian hog deer is a small deer whose habitat ranges from Pakistan through india to mainland southern Asia .It is commonly called Hyelaphus porcinus.The animal is so called due to its habit of holding its head low in hog like manner,when running through vegetation.
7. INDIAN COBRA:-The Indian cobra (Naja naja), also known as the spectacled cobra, Asian cobra, or binocellate cobra, is a species of the genus Naja found, in India , Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Bhutan, and a member of the "big four" species that inflict the most snakebites on humans in Indian
8. HOUBRA BUSTARD :-The houbara bustard (Chlamydotis undulata), also known as African houbara, is a large bustard native to North Africa, Canary Islands and southwestern Asia, where it lives in arid habitats. It is dull brown with black markings on the wings, a greyish neck and a black ruff along the side of the neck. Males are larger and heavier than females.The houbara bustard formerly included MacQueen's
bustard, which is native to Asia.
9. BAM OWL:-
The Barn Owl (Tyto alba) is the most widely distributed species of owl, and one of the most widespread of all birds. Its natural diet is the small mammals.
10.PEREGRINE FALCON :-
The peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), also known as the peregrine, It is a widespread bird of prey (raptor) in the family Falconidae. A large, crow-sized falcon, it has a blue-grey back, barred white underparts, and a black head. The peregrine is renowned for its speed, making it the fastest bird in the world and the fastest member of the animal kingdom.11. INDIAN RHINOCEROS:-
12. MONGOOSE:-
Mongoose is the popular English name for 29 of the 34 species in the family Herpestidae.They are small carnivorans native to southern Eurasia and mainland Africa and Asia. The remaining species of this family are native to Africa . they feed on insects, lizard,snakes, birds .
13. INDIAN HARE:-Indian hare This is also known as black naped hare due to the patch of black fur that runs along the nape of the neck. The top of the tail is also black and the back and face are brown with black hairs scattered throughout as seen in the image. These hares are endemic to South Asia and is distributed throughout India, and pakistan.
We also study about the flora of lalsuhanra which are following:-
1. TERMINALIA ARJUNA:
Terminalia arjuna is a tree of the genus Terminalia. It is commonly known as arjuna. The arjuna is usually found growing on river banks or near beds. It has pale yellow flowers.
2. HAZAR DANI:-
Euphorbia hirta is a pantropical weed, possibly native to india . lt is a hairy herb that grows in open grasslands, roadsides and pathways.
3. TAMARIX PHYLA:-
Tamarix aphylla is the largest known species of tamarix.
The species has a variety of common names, including Athel tamarisk, Athel tree, Athel alpine. it is an evergreen tree, native across North, East and Central Africa through ,middle east, and into parts of Western and Southern Asia.
4. CALATROPIS PROCERA:-
Calatropus procera is a species of flowering plant in the family Apocynaceace that is native to North Africa, tropical Africa, Western Asia, and South Asia. The common name is apple of Sodom and stabragh. The green globes are hollow but the flesh contains a toxic milky sap.
5. DALBERGIA SISSO:
Dalbergia sissoo, known commonly as North Indian rosewood is a fast-growing, hardy deciduous rosewood tree native to the Indian Subcontinent and southern Iran. D.Sissoo is a large, crooked tree with long, leathery leaves and whitish or pink flowers.
6. LEMON GRASS:-
Cymbopogon, variously known as lemon grass, barbed wire grass, silky heads, is a genus of Asian, African, Australian, and tropical island plants in the grass family.
7. MORINGA OLEIFERA ;-Moringa oleifera is a fast-growing, drought-resistant tree of the family Moringaceacae, native to tropical and subtropical regions of south Asia. Common names include moringa, drumstick tree, and horseradish tree and ben oil.
8. ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANA:
Ziziphus mauritiana, also known as Chinese date, ber, Chinese apple,jujube,indian palm and dunks, is a tropical fruit tree species belonging to the family Rhammaceae.
9. SALVADORA PERSICA:-
Salvadora persica is a large, well-branched evergreen shrub or small tree having soft whitish yellow wood, bark is of old stems rugose, branches are numerous, drooping, glabrous, terete, finely striate, shining.
10. TAMARIX ARTICULATA:-
It is a native species.it is a ever green plants it is a moderate sized tree with feathery foliage and an erect stem usually attaining a height of 40 feet to 50 feet and girth of 5 to 6 feet. It grows faster than any other species in the arid tract
11. ACACIA LEUCOPHLOEA:-
It is commonly called safad kikar.It have a very demand value in the medicine industry.Its timber is also used for the ornamental purpose.Its have thorny branches.
12 .DESMOSTACHYA BIPINNATA:-
Desmostachya bipinnata, commonly known in English by the names Halfa grass, big cord grass, and salt reed-grass, is an Old World perennial grass, long known and used in human history
14. SUAEDA FRUTICOSA:-
Suaeda fruticosa, commonly known as shrubby seablight, is a species of plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It is a small shrub, with very variable appearance over its wide range. It is a halophyte, and occurs in arid and semi-arid saltflats, salt marshes and similar habitats.
16.EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS:-
Eucalyptus camaldulensis, commonly known as the river red gum,is a tree that is endemic to Australia. It has smooth white or cream-coloured bark, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven or nine, white flowers and hemispherical fruit with the valves extending beyond the rim
17. CASSIA FISTULA:-
Cassia fistula, commonly known as golden shower purging cassia or Indian laburnum, is a flowering plant in the subfamily, Caesalpiniaceae of the legume family, Fabaceae. The species is native to the Indian subcontinent and adjacent regions of Southeast Asia.
18. CHENOPODIUM ALBUM:-
Its common name is Bathu. Its belongs to Astraceae family. It is wild herb and perennial in nature
After studing all this all the student are refreshed by lunch and after having lunch the students once again got energetic and for the further enjoyment our faculty members planned to go to SS world and at the 7 pm we took our buses and it was time of returning to our homes. We were very happy about this tour. We thanked our teacher especially Dr. Muneeb Khalid for their guidance.
Salvadora persica is a large, well-branched evergreen shrub or small tree having soft whitish yellow wood, bark is of old stems rugose, branches are numerous, drooping, glabrous, terete, finely striate, shining.
10. TAMARIX ARTICULATA:-
It is a native species.it is a ever green plants it is a moderate sized tree with feathery foliage and an erect stem usually attaining a height of 40 feet to 50 feet and girth of 5 to 6 feet. It grows faster than any other species in the arid tract
11. ACACIA LEUCOPHLOEA:-
It is commonly called safad kikar.It have a very demand value in the medicine industry.Its timber is also used for the ornamental purpose.Its have thorny branches.
12 .DESMOSTACHYA BIPINNATA:-Desmostachya bipinnata, commonly known in English by the names Halfa grass, big cord grass, and salt reed-grass, is an Old World perennial grass, long known and used in human history
14. SUAEDA FRUTICOSA:-
Suaeda fruticosa, commonly known as shrubby seablight, is a species of plant in the family Amaranthaceae. It is a small shrub, with very variable appearance over its wide range. It is a halophyte, and occurs in arid and semi-arid saltflats, salt marshes and similar habitats.16.EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS:-
Eucalyptus camaldulensis, commonly known as the river red gum,is a tree that is endemic to Australia. It has smooth white or cream-coloured bark, lance-shaped or curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven or nine, white flowers and hemispherical fruit with the valves extending beyond the rim
17. CASSIA FISTULA:-
Cassia fistula, commonly known as golden shower purging cassia or Indian laburnum, is a flowering plant in the subfamily, Caesalpiniaceae of the legume family, Fabaceae. The species is native to the Indian subcontinent and adjacent regions of Southeast Asia.
18. CHENOPODIUM ALBUM:-
Its common name is Bathu. Its belongs to Astraceae family. It is wild herb and perennial in nature
After studing all this all the student are refreshed by lunch and after having lunch the students once again got energetic and for the further enjoyment our faculty members planned to go to SS world and at the 7 pm we took our buses and it was time of returning to our homes. We were very happy about this tour. We thanked our teacher especially Dr. Muneeb Khalid for their guidance.
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